safer sex

All About S.E.X.: The Scarleteen Book!

Get your hands on S.E.X.: the in-depth and inclusive young adult sexuality guide by Heather Corinna! Check out reviews, the table of contents and a myriad of places you can get your very own copy of the sexuality primer for every body.

Condom Basics: A User's Manual

Using a condom is generally easier than it looks (especially if you can relax about it), but the first few times, it can be tricky, especially if you're nervous about knowing how to use one.

STI Risk Assessment: The Cliff's Notes

Need to check out what your sexually transmitted disease or infection risk might be in a jiffy?

Got an Infection? Some Take-Care Basics.

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Submitted by Heather Corinna on Sun, 2012-03-11 12:55

Over the last few weeks, I have been sicker than sicker than sick. I managed to pick up whooping cough, which, combined with other health issues I already have, made my blood pressure dip to a very scary place, to boot. I had already been having some flare-ups from those other issues, so they made the whooping cough worse, it made them worse. Like plenty of uninsured people do, I tried to hold off on healthcare for as long as I could, but eventually had to cave and suck up the big bill so I could get the big meds and also be sure I wasn't, you know, dying or anything.

This combo of illnesses made it impossible for me to do nearly anything, including most work. When you mostly work from home, you can usually work through almost anything, so when you can't even do that, you know it's bad. They've also put some big cramps in my life. For a week or so, the deepest conversations I had with anyone were something to the effect of "More. Tea. Blanket. Ugh," and the most passionate embrace I had with my partner was the one where I was only grabbing them to say, "Please, I beg of you, just shoot me now." For the next few months, I'm going to be more susceptible to a host of things which could really mess me up, which is going to make most socializing and some of the work I had planned mighty tricky. Also, my partner and I are getting too good at pantomiming kisses; as if being sick wasn't scary enough, the possibility of becoming an expert mime adds a whole new layer of terror.

While I've been on the mend, I've been thinking a lot about that process, especially since thinking about any more than that involves a level of brainpower I haven't had.

When we hear from users who are dealing with infections, like most of what we do, it's usually sexual or reproductive health-related, not about things like whooping cough or the flu. But I've got a few reminders from the front lines of my sickbed that are important no matter what kind of yuck you've got going on.

1. That bit about getting rest? It's serious.

Sleep and rest are so, so, so darn important when we have any kind of infection. Many, if not most, of us are usually sleep-deprived as it is, which is often part of the reason we pick up bugs in the first place: lack of sleep or rest really does a doozy on our immune systems and the way the whole of our bodies function. Getting rest when we're sick is kind of like turning off the TV, radio and facebook when we're trying to study: it lets our bodies put all their focus on healing. Ideally, too, when we're in the space where we rest -- like our bedrooms -- we're not being nonstop assaulted with all kinds of pathogens like we are when we're out and about.

So, do get that rest. You don't have to be sleeping for days (that's not usually so great either: you want to move your body around some a little bit each day, just nothing too taxing), but take it freaking easy. You have absolute permission from your body to be a slacker, and to focus on totally mellow, non-stressful, non-achieving things you enjoy: board games or chill video games, a favorite movie, a puzzle, listening to the same CD a million times, writing in a journal or penning a song, painting your toenails ridiculous colors, organizing your photo albums, cross-stitching political slogans, whatever.

I know that if you're in your teens or twenties, chances are awfully good that other people, especially older adults, might push you to or past your freaking limits and can be really unforgiving about illness or taking the time to rest you need. But seriously, that is their problem. They need to let up with that, rather than you needing to keep yourself sick or get sicker because of their unforgiving standards. This is one of those places where notes from a healthcare provider can really help, so if you can/do see one, always be sure to ask them for a note for whoever you might need one for that's clear about the rest you need. If you have a job, while it's always so tough to deal with the budget hit missing work can have, do remember that the more rest you get when you really need it, the faster you'll get better, and the less likely you'll be to only get half-well and probably miss way more days of work later on than you will right now.

2. Be sure and take any medications properly and completely.

If you're dealing with any kind of an infection, whether it's the kind I got or a UTI or STI, you're likely to be given antibiotics when you get healthcare.

One common mistake a lot of people make with them -- especially if they have side effects they don't like when taking them, and I hear you with that -- is stopping when they start to feel better, or totally feel better, but the whole course of antibiotics isn't done. That's a big no-no, because what can happen is that an infection doesn't wind up totally cleared up. Our symptoms from an illness, remember, don't always tell us sound things about an illness: we can be ill without symptoms, or feel better when we've still got one. Really, there's little point in taking a medication if you're not going to take it properly. So be sure to listen to and read the directions when you get it, and follow them to the letter. (This is also why you can't just use someone else's leftover antibiotics: there shouldn't be any left over in the first place, and the leftovers probably won't be enough to treat you.)

3. Manage your stresses.

I'm a pretty mellow person most of the time, but when it became clear I was sick and wasn't going to get better for a while, the inside of my head went something like this, on a nonstop, escalating loop:

"Oh, gawd, I'm behind already and now I'm going to be eighty-million more times behind. I needed time off, and this doesn't fit the bill, now who knows when I'll get any. How am I going to get all the things done I need to? And oh GAWD, I have events and speaking engagements coming up: what if I'm not better by then? And even if I am, will the hell this made me look like still be around, because UGH if it is. Bargh, people want to talk with me and I keep having to ask more and more people to wait. GARGH, my poor partner, all I'm available for right now is whining. BLEH, I miss my friends and I can't even call them and when will I see them and oh no, I have to call my Dad, he'll be all worried, but CRIPES how can I even think about any of my life-life when I'm so behind with work and BLAHAHHHHHHWAHHHHHH...."

You get the picture. It's freaking stressful to be sick: your body is stressed out by it, and it makes any stress you already had seem or feel even worse. And then the existing stress and the extra stress make it even harder for you to get better, so you get more stressed. You've got to learn to let a lot of things just go. Taking things one day at a time helps too: for instance, there's really nothing I can do about things weeks from now for now, and who knows, my worries about things later may turn out to be needless. We can also ask for help. It's great for all of us to carry our own weight when we can, but sometimes in life we can't, and when you're sick is usually one of those times. Chances are there are people in your life you've helped out when they needed it: now it's time for you to ask them to return the favor.

Think about it this way, perhaps: just like with the rest, in some ways, any kind of illness often has something to do with a memo from our bodies telling us to slow the heck down and do a lot less. Just like most of us don't get enough rest, most of us carry too much stress, overcommit, and don't manage either as well as we could. When we're sick, we can get some practice chilling out that we probably need more of anyway.

4. Don't try and jump back into things too quickly before you're better.

Let "ease on in" be your mantra. Also "all things in good time." Sure, it stinks to be unable to do the things we really want to do, but it usually stinks more to do them and get other people sick, stay sick longer ourselves, or to get sicker. To boot, a lot of things which can be awesome when we're not sick are usually less-than when we are, especially things that ask our body to do anything challenging. Like sex.

With sexual or reproductive illness, or after a sexual or reproductive surgery of any kind, particularly, you'll often be told to hold off on sex for a given amount of time, either to heal from infection, or prevent infection for yourself or others. If you have a genital infection, that also is often about being kind to tissues which are already delicate, but can be even more so with an infection. That's a directive some people aren't always keen about, and one plenty of people play fast and loose with, thinking maybe "just this once," or, "well, what about THIS kind of sex instead of that kind?" Over the years, at Scarleteen and elsewhere I've counseled a lot of folks who've gone ahead and not held off, and made everything worse, or who want to find the magic loophole that isn't. With a cultural trend towards things like "technical" virginity, some folks will go to "Well, oral sex isn't really sex," or "He was only inside for a second," kind of places which may seem like sound rationales to you, but when it comes to sexual health, sex is sex, and when a healthcare provider says to lay off it, there's not usually any nuance: they usually mean any and all kinds of genital sexual activity.

You don't have to tell me twice that it's a bummer not to be able to be intimate or sexual in the ways you want to, especially when you could use some extra comfort, some validation, or hell, figure if you're going to be in bed all day, you might as well do something fun there. But when sex puts your health or that of others at risk, it's just not a smart choice. And sex can always wait until we're feeling better. If a partner can't deal with that, they need to step it up and learn, and probably adjust their mindset about sexual relationships so that there's always room, whatever the reason, for sex they might want to be sex they just can't engage in right then.

Hopefully none of you are in a situation where sex is an "if you must," but you know, sometimes some folks are. So, if you must, and you've been advised not to, then at the very least do safer sex to the letter, using the appropriate barrier for whatever kind of sex it is, be that a condom, dental dam or glove.

An extra tip? We often hear people say that one of the barriers to having conversations about sex or a sexual life with partners is a lack of time to do it, or finding that their time is so limited that talking about sex means not engaging in any. Well, here you are. You're sick, buddy. You need to shelve sex for right now, and that's just that. So, now might be a great time to have some of those talks. They might be serious talks, but they don't have to be. This could also be a time to talk about sexual things you've been wanting to do or explore, or to sit and verbally review all the things you've been loving about your sex life (which can make it even more exciting when you can get back to it).

5. Learn your lessons.

Sometimes illness happens when we could have prevented it or done things differently that might have reduced our risks or made an illness we got no matter what less bad than it was. That sucks when we're in the thick of it, of course, because feeling sick stinks enough without a rousing, relentless chorus of "I should've known better" going round and round in your head.

But the things we might learn by becoming sick can help us out as we recover, or give us valuable takeaways moving forward. For instance, in my case, something like this is always a reminder that I often do way, way too much in a day, a week, a month or a year, and that I need to always do what I can to try and do less and slow the heck down. It was a reminder that both my partner and myself can make some extra efforts to keep our immune systems working better. I also am reminded that I need to make some effort to make more room in my life for things like this happening, so when they do, they won't be such a huge crisis, and to cut myself a darn break for, you know, being human like everyone else.

What might it be for you? Let's say you've picked up an STI. Obviously, it can be a reminder, if you haven't already, to beef up your safer sex practices, or go back to square one with them with a partner if you've ditched them (which is always important any time an infection winds up in the mix). Maybe you've been in denial about exclusivity you want, but which, given the particular STI you have now or keep getting, obviously isn't the reality of your relationship: you may need to make choices around that. Maybe you know you need to get tested more often or draw harder lines about partners getting tested before you're sexual with them. Maybe those UTIs you keep landing are a billboard telling you that your habit of drinking tons of soda, but rarely water, is one you really need to break, like, yesterday. Or maybe you have an existing health issue or illness you need to find out more about so you can manage it better, or maybe you need to find yourself some more sex ed to know more about what your health risks are or can be and how to reduce them.

Whatever your takeaways are, take them, use them as best you can, and focus on what's useful about them and being proactive to improve things, rather than using them as a club to beat yourself up with, or yet one more source of stress that'll only keep you from healing as quickly as you can.


The Simple and Underrated Art of Washing Your Hands

Handwashing, seriously? Yep, handwashing. Seriously. (Well, mostly seriously.) Here's how to do it and why it's so important to do.

All About Condoms

Want to watch and find out how to use male and female condoms best in English, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, ASL and more?

Condoms Breaking? Ur Probably Doin It Wrong.

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Submitted by Heather Corinna on Wed, 2011-11-23 09:51

As we've explained in the past, like here, with proper use, condoms actually break very rarely. The common mythology that condoms are flimsy and break all the time is just that: mythology, not reality. Different studies on latex condom breakage tend to reflect a breakage rate of around .4%, or only 4 breaks in every 1,000 uses. So, if you're having condoms break often, especially before you've even used them a few hundred times, it's not likely something is wrong with condoms, but that something is wrong with the way you're using them. That's not surprising, since a lot of people don't get good information about how to use condoms correctly, or ever see clear, slow demonstrations of proper use where they also get the chance to ask questions.

Since we've been having some users lately reporting patterns of breakage, we thought we'd take a few minutes to walk you through a review of some common issues that tend to make breakage more likely, so that those of you using condoms can avoid breaks and have them provide you the high level of effectiveness in preventing pregnancy and STIs you are using them for.

Have you checked the expiration date? Condoms past their expiry date are much more likely to break, because the latex can start to break down. If they're past the expiry date, they also may have been shuffled around for a long time. The expiry date put on a condom -- which you can always find right on the package of every individual condom -- is usually for around five years after it's been manufactured, so you've got a pretty good time window. Our advice? Make sure a condom is not only within its expiry date, but around six months ahead of it, the time when a lot of condom resellers dump a batch instead of continuing to sell them. Don't use condoms past their expiry dates: toss them out and get yourself new ones.

Are you or your partners storing them properly? Sometimes people carry around what we'll call the "wishful thinking" condom. That one condom they keep in their wallet from the dawn of time, thinking if they have that one condom, they'll be more likely to have an opportunity for sex. Or maybe you just think that will assure you'll never be without a condom when you need one, which would be great if the condom you had had been stored properly.

Condoms need to be stored somewhere that doesn't get too hot or cold, where they're not directly exposed to sun or fluorescent light, and where they don't get bumped around a lot. Back pockets, wallets, the bottom of a purse or inside a car dashboard compartment are not sound places to store condoms. If you want to carry a condom or two around with you, find something you can put them in that protects them, like a pencil case, or in the box they came in if you bought a whole box. There are also cases made expressly for storing condoms, and sometimes when you buy condoms, you might find some already specially packaged in a storage case.

Condom storage is also something to think about before you even have the condom yourself. Some places that sell or dispense condoms don't store them properly, potentially screwing them up before you even get them. That's why machines that dispense them aren't such a great place to get them, nor are places like gas stations, which often keep them near the front windows, where it can get hot or sunny. When purchasing condoms, look for them to be in a spot where temperatures are moderate and they're not in direct sunlight. You also want to avoid hand-me-down condoms, too, however well-intentioned the person who gave them to you may be. Who knows how that person stored them.

Leaving room in the tip? You don't put condoms on like you put on a sock or stocking, where you pull them all the way on so that they're snug at the tip. Instead, we need to leave a little bit of room -- around a half inch or so, or the width of two fingers, if that's easier -- at the tip for ejaculate and so the condom can move around a little bit. That makes them feel more comfortable, too.

Using enough lubricant? Plenty of condoms come pre-lubricated, but that's only a smidgen of lube. More times than not, especially for intercourse that goes on for a while -- and more so with anal intercourse than vaginal, since the anus doesn't produce its own lubricant -- you'll need some extra lube right from the start, or to add lube during sex. Even with vaginal intercourse, while the vagina often produces its own lubrication when the person with the vagina is aroused, lube is often still needed. It's pretty common for younger people to feel nervous or have issues with arousal, so not being as lubed up on your own as you might be otherwise is typical. Too, if you're using a hormonal birth control method like the pill, one common side effect is a drier vagina. While we don't endorse mixing sex with drugs or booze, being wasted also tends to impact lubrication, especially with alcohol. By all means, drinking impairs our judgment no matter what, making it a lot harder to use condoms at all, let alone properly, but it also often inhibits parts of the sexual response cycle. Whatever the reason, chances are awfully good that you need more lube than a condom itself offers. Plus, putting a drop or two of lube inside the condom, as well as more liberally on the outside, makes condoms feel a lot better, too.

Feeling funny about using lube? Don't, seriously. People have used lubricants for as far back as we know, and if you ask us, beautifully engineered, clean lube in a bottle or tube is a serious improvement over animal guts or blubber, something we know people way back in the day used as lube. The idea that a body creating enough lubricant on its own gives a person some kind of sexual status, and that not being lubed up enough on your own means something is terribly wrong, are both really problematic ideas. Lube makes things feel better most of the time, and it helps condoms be more effective. We can probably agree that there's no status in sex feeling less than as good as it can, or in a condom failure.

Remember, what you use as lube with latex condoms matters a lot. When buying lube, look for the tube bottle or packet to make clear a lube can be used with condoms. Oil-based lubes or oils, lotions or vaseline are NOT okay to use with latex condoms.

One condom per customer. If you have the idea that two condoms at a time are better than one, ditch it, and fast. That only increases friction, which increases the possibility of breakage. Only use one condom at a time.

Same goes for thinking thinner condoms will be more likely to break: that's not true. Thinner condoms often feel better and are just as effective as thicker ones.

Does the condom fit? Condoms really aren't one size fits all. Sure, most brands will fit a lot of people just fine. But some brands or styles don't work for plenty of folks. So, if a condom is really tough to get on or off, hard to roll down, won't roll down all the way, or feels uncomfortable, try out some different sizes or brands. If we have to struggle with condoms, we're more likely to put them on wrong or just ditch them altogether. And with so many options in condoms, there's no reason anyone should have to use a size or style that doesn't work for them. The right condom usually feels great and works just as well. Even if you're getting condoms for free from a clinic or school, you'll often have more than one option, so snag a few different ones when you can.

Carrying condoms when you're not the one wearing them? If so, see if you can't buy variety packs, so you have more than one style or size around in case another just doesn't work out. Most condom manufacturers sell combination boxes of a couple different styles or fits, sold right where you can get boxes of only one style or size. If you feel funny about having a variety and worry about judgment from a partner, remember that what you're doing is having an assortment so they're most likely to have a condom that feels good for them. Every partner is going to appreciate that.

Are you or your partner hanging around after ejaculation or starting intercourse again without changing condoms? Male condoms are manufactured and designed for a single use: in other words, for only one session of intercourse or one ejaculation. After ejaculation happens, it's really important the person wearing the condom withdraws pretty immediately. If you want to continue that sexual activity or start again, you need to put on a new condom.

Breaking during oral sex use? That's even more unusual than breaks during intercourse, but if it's happening, we've got one word for you: teeth. You've got'em, and they're sharper than you think (just ask your lunch). If condoms are breaking during oral sex, and they were put on properly, stored properly, and are within the expiry date, teeth are probably the issue here. Remember that during oral sex, you've got to watch those little sharpies, both for a partner's comfort, but also when using condoms.

While we're talking about teeth, don't forget that they're not what you want to use to open a condom. That can easily rip or tear the condom. You want to use your hands to open a condom, not your mouth.

Practice makes perfect. So does patience. If you're racing around in a big hurry to put a condom on, it's a lot easier to make mistakes. And when everyone is turned on, they can be a lot tougher to notice. So, if you aren't already an expert with putting condoms on -- whether you're the person who wears them or not -- practice. If you are the person wearing them, practice during masturbation, where you don't have the pressures we can all feel when there's a partner there. If you aren't the person wearing them, get some condoms and find something suitable to practice on: the age-old banana is always an option, and one of our users today said she practiced using a deodorant can.

Remember that it's ideal for everyone involved with condom use to know the right way to use them and how to put them on. Not only can putting them on for a partner make condoms feel like part of sexual activity, rather than an interruption, we all have different levels of experience and skill with condoms, as well as different levels of condom education. So, if both people know how, and one person is doing something wrong, rather than finding out the hard way, the other person can easily make a correction so condoms work as well as you want them to, every time.

Don't forget about the female condom! If no matter what you do, male condoms (and we know, this female/male language doesn't make a lot of sense, and certainly isn't very inclusive, but it's what they're called right now) don't seem to work out for you, try a female condom to see if that works better. Female condoms are non-latex, and far roomier at the base and through the shaft than male condoms are, and they can also be inserted well in advance of intercourse to help you avoid game-time fumbles. As well, if you or a partner prefer not to withdraw soon after intercourse, that's okay with female condoms in a way it isn't with male condoms, which are more likely to break or slip off when withdrawal doesn't happen soon, or if intercourse is something you continue after ejaculation. Female condoms can be a bit tougher to find, so if you want to try them and are having a hard time finding them, check in with your local sexual health or family planning clinic.

Have questions or want someone to walk you through all the steps of proper condom use so you can be sure you're doing it right? We've got your back: come on over to the message boards, or use our text service. We're happy to talk with you one-on-one.

P.S. We just got a helpful addition to this list from Scarleteen reader and peer sex educator Katarina Albrecht. She said, "Another important point: Do NOT poke your finger carelessly into the tip to correct the direction for rolling them off! We teach people to blow into the tip to change the direction or be reeeally careful with their nails. We've been seeing so. many. girls (and boys) do this with their long, sharp, nicely manicured fingernails." Thanks, Katarina!


How do I tell my Mom I might be pregnant?

bxtinej asks:

My partner and I have been together for about 6 months now. He's 17 and I'm 16. We have unprotected sex sometimes, and I think I might have gotten pregnant. I won't be able to tell until next week, but I'm kind of crampy and bloated already. I don't know if those signs are too early to be pregnancy symptoms or not, but I have no clue how to tell my mom I am pregnant if I am. What are ways to tell her that will be easier on me and my boyfriend?

Quick Hits: We Already Got You Covered Edition

Landa84 asks:

My boyfriend and I had anal sex and then after went on to normal intercourse, can this cause infections?

Off Script: Some Sex Stuff that Isn't Talked About

PlaygroundPushover asks:

I'm a virgin, a girl and on the pill. I have a boyfriend and we're ready to have sex. We've been talking about it for months and we both feel we are finally ready. I honestly cannot wait to have sex with him, (I wouldn't say I'm the girl in the classic script), we both want it. We're very comfortable around each other and have done everything except vaginal sex. We actually pooled some funds to get a hotel for a weekend so we won't be walked in on and have complete privacy and a large bed. Anyways. I know the ins and outs (no pun intended) of sex. But there's one bit where it gets hazy.


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